English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Background  There are sparse data on genetic, epigenetic and vitamin D exposure in African Americans (AA) with colon polyp. Consequently, we evaluated serum 25(OH) D levels,  vitamin D receptor  ( VDR ) polymorphisms and the methylation status of the tumor suppressor gene  dickkopf homolog 1  ( DKK1 ) as risk factors for colon polyp in this population.    Methods  The case-control study consisted of 93 patients with colon polyp (cases) and 187 healthy individuals (controls) at Howard University Hospital. Serum levels of 25(OH)D (including D3, D2, and total) were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. DNA analysis focused on 49 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the  VDR  gene. Promoter methylation analysis of  DKK1  was also performed. The resulting data were processed in unadjusted and multivariable logistic regression analyses.    Results  Cases and controls differed in vitamin D status (D 3 <50 nmol/L: Median of 35.5 in cases vs. 36.8 in controls nmol/L; P = 0.05). Low levels of 25(OH)D 3  (<50 nmol/L) were observed in 86% of cases and 68% of controls and it was associated with higher risks of colon polyp (odds ratio of 2.7, 95% confidence interval 1.3–3.4). The SNP analysis showed no association between 46  VDR  polymorphisms and colon polyp. The promoter of the  DKK1  gene was unmethylated in 96% of the samples.    Conclusion  We found an inverse association between serum 25(OH)D 3  and colon polyp in AAs.  VDR  SNPs and  DKK1  methylation were not associated with colon polyp. Vitamin D levels may in part explain the higher incidence of polyp in AAs.

Case-Control Study of Vitamin D, dickkopf homolog 1 (DKK1) Gene Methylation, VDR Gene Polymorphism and the Risk of Colon Adenoma in African Americans