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Modifications of histone tails are involved in the regulation of a wide range of biological processes including cell cycle, cell survival, cell division, and cell differentiation. Among the modifications, histone methylation plays a critical role in cardiac and skeletal muscle differentiation. In our earlier studies, we found that SMYD3 has methyltransferase activity to histone H3 lysine 4, and that its up-regulation is involved in the tumorigenesis of human colon, liver, and breast. To clarify the role of Smyd3 in development, we have studied its expression patterns in zebrafish embryos and the effect of its suppression on development using Smyd3-specific antisense morpholino-oligonucleotides. We here show that transcripts of  smyd3  were expressed in zebrafish embryos at all developmental stages examined and that knockdown of  smyd3  in embryos resulted in pericardial edema and defects in the trunk structure. In addition, these phenotypes were associated with abnormal expression of three heart-chamber markers including  cmlc2 ,  amhc  and  vmhc , and abnormal expression of myogenic regulatory factors including  myod  and  myog . These data suggest that Smyd3 plays an important role in the development of heart and skeletal muscle.

Smyd3 Is Required for the Development of Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle in Zebrafish