English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Background    Streptococcus pyogenes  ( S. pyogenes ) causes various serious diseases including necrotizing fasciitis and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. One serious problem observed recently with  S. pyogenes  therapy is attenuation of the antibiotic effect, especially penicillin treatment failure and macrolide resistance. Hainosankyuto, a traditional Japanese medicine based on ancient Chinese medicine, has been used for treatment of infectious purulent diseases in Japan. In this study, we investigated the protective and therapeutic efficacy of Hainosankyuto against  S. pyogenes -skin infection.    Methodology/Principal Findings  A broth microdilution method revealed that Hainosankyuto did not show a direct anti-bacterial effect against  S. pyogenes . Force-feeding Hainosankyuto to infected mice for 4 consecutive days increased the survival rate and reduced the size of local skin lesions compared with mice fed PBS. Although we did not find the significant recovery of survival rate in Hainosankyuto administration only after  S. pyogenes  infection, the sizes of ulcer lesion were significant smaller after Hainosankyuto administration compared with mice fed PBS. No difference was observed in the anti-bacterial effect of Hainosankyuto between macrolide-susceptible and -resistant strains. Blood bactericidal assay showed that the survival rate of  S. pyogenes  using the blood from Hainosankyuto -treated mice was lower than that using the blood from untreated mice. We also found increased levels of IL-12, IFN-γ and a decreased level of TNF-α in the serum of  S. pyogenes -infected mice treated with Hainosankyuto. Mouse peritoneal macrophage from Hainosankyuto-treated mice had significant phagocytic activity and increased mRNA levels of IL-12, IFN-γ and decreased mRNA level of TNF-α compared with control macrophage.    Conclusions/Significance  Hainosankyuto increased survival rate after  S. pyogenes  infection and up-regulated both blood bactericidal activity and macrophage phagocytic activity through modulation of inflammatory cytokines. Our data also suggest Hainosankyuto may be useful for the treatment of  S. pyogenes  infection more prophylactically than therapeutically.

Protective Effect of Hainosankyuto, a Traditional Japanese Medicine, on Streptococcus pyogenes Infection in Murine Model