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Background  The filamentous oomycete plant pathogen  Phytophthora infestans  causes late blight, an economically important disease, on members of the nightshade family (Solanaceae), such as the crop plants potato and tomato. The related plant  Nicotiana benthamiana  is a model system to study plant-pathogen interactions, and the susceptibility of  N. benthamiana  to  Phytophthora  species varies from susceptible to resistant. Little is known about the extent to which plant basal immunity, mediated by membrane receptors that recognise conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), contributes to  P. infestans  resistance.    Principal Findings  We found that different species of  Phytophthora  have varying degrees of virulence on  N. benthamiana  ranging from avirulence (incompatible interaction) to moderate virulence through to full aggressiveness. The leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase (LRR-RLK) BAK1/SERK3 is a major modulator of PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) in  Arabidopsis thaliana  and  N. benthamiana . We cloned two  NbSerk3  homologs,  NbSerk3A  and  NbSerk3B , from  N. benthamiana  based on sequence similarity to the  A. thaliana  gene.  N. benthamiana  plants silenced for  NbSerk3  showed markedly enhanced susceptibility to  P. infestans  infection but were not altered in resistance to  Phytophthora mirabilis , a sister species of  P. infestans  that specializes on a different host plant. Furthermore, silencing of  NbSerk3  reduced the cell death response triggered by the INF1, a secreted  P. infestans  protein with features of PAMPs.    Conclusions/Significance  We demonstrated that  N. benthamiana  NbSERK3 significantly contributes to resistance to  P. infestans  and regulates the immune responses triggered by the  P. infestans  PAMP protein INF1. In the future, the identification of novel surface receptors that associate with NbSERK3A and/or NbSERK3B should lead to the identification of new receptors that mediate recognition of oomycete PAMPs, such as INF1.

The Receptor-Like Kinase SERK3/BAK1 Is Required for Basal Resistance against the Late Blight Pathogen Phytophthora infestans in Nicotiana benthamiana