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Background  Recent meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies in European descent samples identified novel loci influencing glucose and insulin related traits. In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the association between these loci and traits related to glucose metabolism in the Chinese.    Methods/Principal Findings  We genotyped seventeen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from fifteen loci including  GIPR ,  ADCY5 ,  TCF7L2 ,  VPS13C ,  DGKB ,  MADD ,  ADRA2A ,  FADS1 ,  CRY2 ,  SLC2A2 ,  GLIS3 ,  PROX1 ,  C2CD4B ,  SLC30A8  and  IGF1  in 6,822 Shanghai Chinese Hans comprising 3,410 type 2 diabetic patients and 3,412 normal glucose regulation subjects.  MADD  rs7944584 showed strong association to type 2 diabetes ( p  = 3.5×10 −6 , empirical  p  = 0.0002) which was not observed in the European descent populations. SNPs from  GIPR ,  TCF7L2 ,  CRY2 ,  GLIS3  and  SLC30A8  were also associated with type 2 diabetes ( p  = 0.0487∼2.0×10 −8 ). Further adjusting age, gender and BMI as confounders found  PROX1  rs340874 was associated with type 2 diabetes ( p  = 0.0391). SNPs from  DGKB ,  MADD  and  SLC30A8  were associated with fasting glucose while  PROX1  rs340874 was significantly associated with OGTT 2-h glucose ( p  = 0.0392∼0.0014, adjusted for age, gender and BMI), the glucose-raising allele also showed association to lower insulin secretion.  IGF1  rs35767 showed significant association to both fasting and 2-h insulin levels as well as insulin secretion and sensitivity indices ( p  = 0.0160∼0.0035, adjusted for age, gender and BMI).    Conclusions/Significance  Our results indicated that SNPs from  GIPR ,  TCF7L2 ,  DGKB ,  MADD ,  CRY2 ,  GLIS3 ,  PROX1 ,  SLC30A8  and  IGF1  were associated with traits related to glucose metabolism in the Chinese population.

Variants from GIPR, TCF7L2, DGKB, MADD, CRY2, GLIS3, PROX1, SLC30A8 and IGF1 Are Associated with Glucose Metabolism in the Chinese