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Background    Solanum  (Solanaceae), with approximately 1500 species, is one of the largest genera of flowering plants, and has a centre of diversity in the New World tropics. The genus is divided into 13 major clades, of which two, the Dulcamaroid clade and the “African Non-Spiny” clade, exhibit vine morphology with twining petioles. I am currently preparing a worldwide monograph of these two groups, comprising some 70 species.    Methods  I formally describe here four new species of  Solanum  from montane Mexico and South America all belonging to the Dulcamaroid clade (including the traditionally recognised section  Jasminosolanum  Bitter). Descriptions, discussions of closely related species and preliminary conservation assessments are provided for all species; all species are illustrated. This paper is also a test case for the electronic publication of new names in flowering plants.    Conclusions  These new species are all relatively rare, but not currently of conservation concern.  Solanum aspersum  sp. nov. is distributed in Colombia and Ecuador,  S. luculentum  sp. nov. in Colombia and Venezuela,  S. sanchez-vegae  sp. nov. is endemic to northern Peru and  S. sousae  sp. nov. to southern Mexico.  Solanum luculentum  has the morphology of a dioecious species; this is the first report of this breeding system in the Dulcamaroid clade.

Four New Vining Species of Solanum (Dulcamaroid Clade) from Montane Habitats in Tropical America