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Background  Melanoma is the major cause of skin cancer death worldwide. Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that is caused by mutation of α-synuclein or other genes. Importantly, epidemiological studies have reported co-occurrence of melanoma and Parkinson's disease, suggesting that these two diseases could share common genetic components.    Methodology/Principal Findings  Recently, we found that human melanoma cell lines highly express α-synuclein, whereas the protein is undetectable in the non-melanoma cancer cell lines tested. To investigate the expression of α-synuclein in human melanoma tissues, we immunostained sections of melanoma, nevus, non-melanocytic cutaneous carcinoma, and normal skin. α-Synuclein was positively detected in 86% of the primary and 85% of the metastatic melanoma sections, as well as in 89% of nevus sections. However, α-synuclein was undetectable in non-melanocytic cutaneous carcinoma and normal skin.    Conclusions/Significance  The Parkinson's disease-related protein, α-synuclein, is expressed in both malignant and benign melanocytic lesions, such as melanomas and nevi. Although α-synuclein cannot be used to distinguish between malignant and benign melanocytic skin lesions, it might be a useful biomarker for the diagnosis of metastatic melanoma.

Parkinson's Disease-Related Protein, α-Synuclein, in Malignant Melanoma