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Background  Septins, novel cytoskeletal proteins, form rings at the bases of emerging round buds in yeasts and at the bases of emerging elongated hyphal initials in filamentous fungi.    Methodology/Principal Findings  When introduced into the yeast  Saccharomyces cerevisiae , the septin AspC from the filamentous fungus  Aspergillus nidulans  induced highly elongated atypical pseudohyphae and spore-producing structures similar to those of hyphal fungi. AspC induced atypical pseudohyphae when  S. cerevisiae  pseudohyphal or haploid invasive genes were deleted, but not when the  CDC10  septin gene was deleted. AspC also induced atypical pseudohyphae when  S. cerevisiae  genes encoding Cdc12-interacting proteins Bem4, Cla4, Gic1 and Gic2 were deleted, but not when  BNI1 , a Cdc12-interacting formin gene, was deleted. AspC localized to bud and pseudohypha necks, while its  S. cerevisiae  ortholog, Cdc12, localized only to bud necks.    Conclusions/Significance  Our results suggest that AspC competes with Cdc12 for incorporation into the yeast septin scaffold and once there alters cell shape by altering interactions with the formin Bni1. That introduction of the  A. nidulans  septin AspC into  S. cerevisiae  induces a shift from formation of buds to formation of atypical pseudohyphae suggests that septins play an important role in the morphological plasticity of fungi.

A Septin from the Filamentous Fungus A. nidulans Induces Atypical Pseudohyphae in the Budding Yeast S. cerevisiae