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In fungi and metazoans, the SCF-type Ubiquitin protein ligases (E3s) play a critical role in cell cycle regulation by degrading negative regulators, such as cell cycle-dependent kinase inhibitors (CKIs) at the G1-to-S-phase checkpoint. Here we report that FBL17, an  Arabidopsis thaliana  F-box protein, is involved in cell cycle regulation during male gametogenesis.  FBL17  expression is strongly enhanced in plants co-expressing E2Fa and DPa, transcription factors that promote S-phase entry.  FBL17  loss-of-function mutants fail to undergo pollen mitosis II, which generates the two sperm cells in mature  A. thaliana  pollen. Nonetheless, the single sperm cell-like cell in  fbl17  mutants is functional but will exclusively fertilize the egg cell of the female gametophyte, giving rise to an embryo that will later abort, most likely due to the lack of functional endosperm. Seed abortion can, however, be overcome by mutations in  FIE , a component of the Polycomb group complex, overall resembling loss-of-function mutations in the  A. thaliana  cyclin-dependent kinase CDKA;1. Finally we identified ASK11, as an SKP1-like partner protein of FBL17 and discuss a possible mechanism how SCF FBL17  may regulate cell division during male gametogenesis.

The Arabidopsis thaliana F-Box Protein FBL17 Is Essential for Progression through the Second Mitosis during Pollen Development