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Adults of the common green lacewing,  Chrysoperla carnea  (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), are prevalent pollen-consumers in maize fields. They are therefore exposed to insecticidal proteins expressed in the pollen of insect-resistant, genetically engineered maize varieties expressing Cry proteins derived from  Bacillus thuringiensis  ( Bt ). Laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the impact of Cry3Bb1 or Cry1Ab-expressing transgenic maize (MON 88017, Event Bt176) pollen on fitness parameters of adult  C. carnea . Adults were fed pollen from  Bt  maize varieties or their corresponding near isolines together with sucrose solution for 28 days. Survival, pre-oviposition period, fecundity, fertility and dry weight were not different between  Bt  or non- Bt  maize pollen treatments. In order to ensure that adults of  C. carnea  are not sensitive to the tested toxins independent from the plant background and to add certainty to the hazard assessment, adult  C. carnea  were fed with artificial diet containing purified Cry3Bb1 or Cry1Ab at about a 10 times higher concentration than in maize pollen. Artificial diet containing  Galanthus nivalis  agglutinin (GNA) was included as a positive control. No differences were found in any life-table parameter between Cry protein containing diet treatments and control diet. However, the pre-oviposition period, daily and total fecundity and dry weight of  C. carnea  were significantly negatively affected by GNA-feeding. In both feeding assays, the stability and bioactivity of Cry proteins in the food sources as well as the uptake by  C. carnea  was confirmed. These results show that adults of  C. carnea  are not affected by  Bt  maize pollen and are not sensitive to Cry1Ab and Cry3Bb1 at concentrations exceeding the levels in pollen. Consequently,  Bt  maize pollen consumption will pose a negligible risk to adult  C. carnea .

Consumption of Bt Maize Pollen Expressing Cry1Ab or Cry3Bb1 Does Not Harm Adult Green Lacewings, Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)