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Background  Dengue virus (DENV) is an extraordinary health burden on global scale, but still lacks effective vaccine. The Philippines is endemic for dengue fever, but massive employment of insecticides favored the development of resistance mutations in its major vector,  Aedes aegypti . Alternative vector control strategies consist in releasing artificially modified mosquitos in the wild, but knowledge on their dispersal ability is necessary for a successful implementation. Despite being documented that  Ae .  aegypti  can be passively transported for long distances, no study to date has been aimed at understanding whether human marine transportation can substantially shape the migration patterns of this mosquito. With thousands of islands connected by a dense network of ships, the Philippines is an ideal environment to fill this knowledge gap.    Methodology/principal findings  Larvae of  Ae .  aegypti  from 15 seaports in seven major islands of central-western Philippines were collected and genotyped at seven microsatellite loci. Low genetic structure and considerable gene flow was found in the area. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses suggested that anthropic factors (specifically the amount of processed cargo and human population density) can explain the observed population structure, while geographical distance was not correlated. Interestingly, cargo shipments seem to be more efficient than passenger ships in transporting  Ae .  aegypti . Bayesian clustering confirmed that  Ae .  aegypti  from busy ports are more genetically similar, while populations from idle ports are relatively structured, regardless of the geographical distance that separates them.    Conclusions/significance  The results confirmed the pivotal role of marine human-mediated long-range dispersal in determining the population structure of  Ae .  aegypti . Hopefully corroborated by further research, the present findings could assist the design of more effective vector control strategies.

Human-Mediated Marine Dispersal Influences the Population Structure of Aedes aegypti in the Philippine Archipelago