English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Tsetse flies ( Glossina  spp.) are the cyclical vectors of  Trypanosoma  spp., which are unicellular parasites responsible for multiple diseases, including nagana in livestock and sleeping sickness in humans in Africa.  Glossina  species, including  Glossina morsitans morsitans  ( Gmm ), for which the Whole Genome Sequence (WGS) is now available, have established symbiotic associations with three endosymbionts:  Wigglesworthia glossinidia ,  Sodalis glossinidius  and  Wolbachia pipientis  ( Wolbachia ). The presence of  Wolbachia  in both natural and laboratory populations of  Glossina  species, including the presence of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) events in a laboratory colony of  Gmm , has already been shown. We herein report on the draft genome sequence of the cytoplasmic  Wolbachia  endosymbiont (cytWol) associated with  Gmm . By  in silico  and molecular and cytogenetic analysis, we discovered and validated the presence of multiple insertions of  Wolbachia  (chrWol) in the host  Gmm  genome. We identified at least two large insertions of chrWol, 527,507 and 484,123 bp in size, from  Gmm  WGS data. Southern hybridizations confirmed the presence of  Wolbachia  insertions in  Gmm  genome, and FISH revealed multiple insertions located on the two sex chromosomes (X and Y), as well as on the supernumerary B-chromosomes. We compare the chrWol insertions to the cytWol draft genome in an attempt to clarify the evolutionary history of the HGT events. We discuss our findings in light of the evolution of  Wolbachia  infections in the tsetse fly and their potential impacts on the control of tsetse populations and trypanosomiasis.

Presence of Extensive Wolbachia Symbiont Insertions Discovered in the Genome of Its Host Glossina morsitans morsitans