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Background    Wolbachia  inherited intracellular bacteria can manipulate the reproduction of their insect hosts through cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), and certain strains have also been shown to inhibit the replication or dissemination of viruses.  Wolbachia  strains also vary in their relative fitness effects on their hosts and this is a particularly important consideration with respect to the potential of newly created transinfections for use in disease control.    Methodology/Principal Findings  In  Aedes albopictus  mosquitoes transinfected with the  w Mel strain from  Drosophila melanogaster , which we previously reported to be unable to transmit dengue in lab challenges, no significant detrimental effects were observed on egg hatch rate, fecundity, adult longevity or male mating competitiveness. All these parameters influence the population dynamics of  Wolbachia , and the data presented are favourable with respect to the aim of taking  w Mel to high population frequency. Challenge with the chikungunya (CHIKV) virus, for which  Ae. albopictus  is an important vector, was conducted and the presence of  w Mel abolished CHIKV dissemination to the saliva.    Conclusions/significance  Taken together, these data suggest that introducing  w Mel into natural  Ae. albopictus  populations using bidirectional CI could be an efficient strategy for preventing or reducing the transmission of arboviruses by this species.

A Wolbachia wMel Transinfection in Aedes albopictus Is Not Detrimental to Host Fitness and Inhibits Chikungunya Virus