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Inhibition of  N -myristoyltransferase has been validated pre-clinically as a target for the treatment of fungal and trypanosome infections, using species-specific inhibitors. In order to identify inhibitors of protozoan NMTs, we chose to screen a diverse subset of the Pfizer corporate collection against  Plasmodium falciparum  and  Leishmania donovani  NMTs. Primary screening hits against either enzyme were tested for selectivity over both human NMT isoforms ( Hs 1 and  Hs 2) and for broad-spectrum anti-protozoan activity against the NMT from  Trypanosoma brucei . Analysis of the screening results has shown that structure-activity relationships (SAR) for  Leishmania  NMT are divergent from all other NMTs tested, a finding not predicted by sequence similarity calculations, resulting in the identification of four novel series of  Leishmania -selective NMT inhibitors. We found a strong overlap between the SARs for  Plasmodium  NMT and both human NMTs, suggesting that achieving an appropriate selectivity profile will be more challenging. However, we did discover two novel series with selectivity for  Plasmodium  NMT over the other NMT orthologues in this study, and an additional two structurally distinct series with selectivity over  Leishmania  NMT. We believe that release of results from this study into the public domain will accelerate the discovery of NMT inhibitors to treat malaria and leishmaniasis. Our screening initiative is another example of how a tripartite partnership involving pharmaceutical industries, academic institutions and governmental/non-governmental organisations such as Medical Research Council and Wellcome Trust can stimulate research for neglected diseases.

Selective Inhibitors of Protozoan Protein N-myristoyltransferases as Starting Points for Tropical Disease Medicinal Chemistry Programs