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Background  The Asian tiger mosquito,  Aedes albopictus  (Skuse), is a vector of several arboviruses including dengue and chikungunya. This highly invasive species originating from Southeast Asia has travelled the world in the last 30 years and is now established in Europe, North and South America, Africa, the Middle East and the Caribbean. In the absence of vaccine or antiviral drugs, efficient mosquito control strategies are crucial. Conventional control methods have so far failed to control  Ae. albopictus  adequately.    Methodology/Principal Findings  Germline transformation of  Aedes albopictus  was achieved by micro-injection of embryos with a  piggyBac -based transgene carrying a 3xP3-ECFP marker and an  attP  site, combined with  piggyBac  transposase mRNA and  piggyBac  helper plasmid. Five independent transgenic lines were established, corresponding to an estimated transformation efficiency of 2–3%. Three lines were re-injected with a second-phase plasmid carrying an  attB  site and a 3xP3-DsRed2 marker, combined with PhiC31 integrase mRNA. Successful site-specific integration was observed in all three lines with an estimated transformation efficiency of 2–6%.    Conclusions/Significance  Both  piggybac - and site-specific PhiC31-mediated germline transformation of  Aedes albopictus  were successfully achieved. This is the first report of  Ae. albopictus  germline transformation and engineering, a key step towards studying and controlling this species using novel molecular techniques and genetic control strategies.

piggybac- and PhiC31-Mediated Genetic Transformation of the Asian Tiger Mosquito, Aedes albopictus (Skuse)