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Differentiation-dependent regulation of the  Ifng  cytokine gene locus in T helper (Th) cells has emerged as an excellent model for functional study of distal elements that control lineage-specific gene expression. We previously identified a  cis -regulatory element located 22 kb upstream of the  Ifng  gene ( C onserved  N on-coding  S equence -22, or CNS-22) that is a site for recruitment of the transcription factors T-bet, Runx3, NF-κB and STAT4, which act to regulate transcription of the  Ifng  gene in Th1 cells. Here, we report the generation of mice with a conditional deletion of CNS-22 that has enabled us to define the epigenetic and functional consequences of its absence. Deletion of CNS-22 led to a defect in induction of  Ifng  by the cytokines IL-12 and IL-18, with a more modest effect on induction via T-cell receptor activation. To better understand how CNS-22 and other  Ifng  CNSs regulated  Ifng  transcription in response to these distinct stimuli, we examined activation-dependent changes in epigenetic modifications across the extended  Ifng  locus in CNS-22-deficient T cells. We demonstrate that in response to both cytokine and TCR driven activation signals, CNS-22 and other  Ifng  CNSs recruit increased activity of histone acetyl transferases (HATs) that transiently enhance levels of histones H3 and H4 acetylation across the extended  Ifng  locus. We also demonstrate that activation-responsive increases in histone acetylation levels are directly linked to the ability of  Ifng  CNSs to acutely enhance Pol II recruitment to the  Ifng  promoter. Finally, we show that impairment in IL-12+IL-18 dependent induction of  Ifng  stems from the importance of CNS-22 in coordinating locus-wide levels of histone acetylation in response to these cytokines. These findings identify a role for acute histone acetylation in the enhancer function of distal conserved  cis -elements that regulate of  Ifng  gene expression.

Deletion of a Conserved cis-Element in the Ifng Locus Highlights the Role of Acute Histone Acetylation in Modulating Inducible Gene Transcription