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Cytosine methylation of DNA is an important epigenetic gene silencing mechanism in plants, fungi, and animals. In the filamentous fungus  Neurospora crassa , nearly all known DNA methylations occur in transposon relics and repetitive sequences, and DNA methylation does not depend on the canonical RNAi pathway. disiRNAs are Dicer-independent small non-coding RNAs that arise from gene-rich part of the  Neurospora  genome. Here we describe a new type of DNA methylation that is associated with the  disiRNA  loci. Unlike the known DNA methylation in  Neurospora ,  disiRNA  loci DNA methylation (DLDM) is highly dynamic and is regulated by an on/off mechanism. Some disiRNA production appears to rely on pol II directed transcription. Importantly, DLDM is triggered by convergent transcription and enriched in promoter regions. Together, our results establish a new mechanism that triggers DNA methylation.

Convergent Transcription Induces Dynamic DNA Methylation at disiRNA Loci