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microRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded, 21- to 23-nucleotide cellular RNAs that control the expression of cognate target genes. Primary miRNA (pri-miRNA) transcripts are transformed to mature miRNA by the successive actions of two RNase III endonucleases. Drosha converts pri-miRNA transcripts to precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA); Dicer, in turn, converts pre-miRNA to mature miRNA. Here, we show that normal processing of  Drosophila  pre-miRNAs by Dicer-1 requires the double-stranded RNA-binding domain (dsRBD) protein Loquacious (Loqs), a homolog of human TRBP, a protein first identified as binding the HIV  trans -activator RNA (TAR). Efficient miRNA-directed silencing of a reporter transgene, complete repression of  white  by a dsRNA trigger, and silencing of the endogenous  Stellate  locus by  Suppressor of Stellate,  all require Loqs. In  loqs   f00791  mutant ovaries, germ-line stem cells are not appropriately maintained. Loqs associates with Dcr-1, the  Drosophila  RNase III enzyme that processes pre-miRNA into mature miRNA. Thus, every known  Drosophila  RNase-III endonuclease is paired with a dsRBD protein that facilitates its function in small RNA biogenesis.

Normal microRNA Maturation and Germ-Line Stem Cell Maintenance Requires Loquacious, a Double-Stranded RNA-Binding Domain Protein