Graphene oxide dot-based microstructures via dispersion and support of bovine serum albumin

Three-dimensional graphene oxide-based microstructures have great potential for use in microelectronic and biomedical applications and can be fabricated by using two-photon excitation photochemical processes. In such excitation processes, rose Bengal is the preferred candidate as the photoactivator in two-photon crosslinking; nevertheless, it induces graphene oxide self-aggregation. Herein, bovine serum albumin (BSA) is adopted to prevent graphene oxide dot (GOD) aggregation even at very high GOD fabrication-solution concentrations, yet still supports GOD microstructures. In this manner, three-dimensional freeform GOD microstructures with different GOD concentrations were developed. Furthermore, the biocomparability of the GOD microstructure with the help of added biomaterials such as BSA was verified under living cell incubation.