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Efficient algorithms for timing, carrier frequency and phase recovery of Nyquist and OFDM signals are introduced and experimentally verified. The algorithms exploit the statistical properties of the received signals to efficiently derive the optimum sampling time, the carrier frequency offset, and the carrier phase. Among the proposed methods, the mean modulus algorithm (MMA) shows a very robust performance at reduced computational complexity. This is especially important for optical communications where data rates can exceed 100 Gbit/s per wavelength. All proposed algorithms are verified by simulations and by experiments using optical M-ary QAM Nyquist and OFDM signals with data rates up to 84 Gbit/s.

Timing, carrier frequency and phase recovery for OFDM and Nyquist signals using a mean modulus algorithm