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We report a numerical and analytical study of mode field patterns and mode coupling in planar waveguide-coupled square microcavities, using two-dimensional (2-D) finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method and k-space representation. Simulated mode field patterns can be identified by k-space modes. We observe that different mode number parities permit distinctly different mode field patterns and spectral characteristics. Simulation results suggest that k-space modes that nearly match the waveguide propagation mode have a relatively high coupling efficiency. Such preferential mode coupling can be modified by the mode number parity.

Mode field patterns and preferential mode coupling in planar waveguide-coupled square microcavities