Aunt(y) Jemima in Spiritual Baptist Experience in Toronto: Spiritual Mother or Servile Woman?

A unt Jemima, an extension of the “mammy” stereotype, has emerged from the history of slavery and colonialism in North America as one of the most pervasive images of black womanhood and black motherhood. Though clearly an invention, since scholarly examination and personal narratives and biographies of black women in historical and contemporary eras fail to find women who conform to this image of servility, the stereotype is nevertheless powerful in its impact on hegemonic images and public policy concerning contemporary black women. Aunt