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By the beginning of the war, the Scots had formed a strong connection with Protestant Germany through the Scottish princess, Elizabeth Stuart, daughter of King James VI and I of Great Britain. Elizabeth was married to Frederick V, the Elector of the Palatinate who became King of Bohemia in opposition to the Holy Roman Emperor in 1619. Frederick V and Elizabeth were forced to flee Bohemia and the Palatinate after the Battle of White Mountain in 1620. Thereafter, the Stuart monarchy sought the restoration of Frederick V and Elizabeth to their lands in the Palatinate. The contributors to this volume emphasize the devotion of Scottish diplomats and soldiers to Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia, and her family’s cause against the Habsburgs. The Scots played a key role in Stuart diplomacy during the war. In his essay, Steve Murdoch stresses the Stuart monarchy’s reliance upon Scotsmen to conduct British diplomacy at the Danish and Swedish courts in support of Frederick V. These efforts led to alliances against the Habsburgs. On the other hand, David Worthington investigates the activities of Scottish exiles at the courts of the Spanish and Austrian Habsburgs. He argues that these Catholic Scotsmen were loyal to the House of Stuart and the cause of Elizabeth Stuart, despite her Protestant ways. John R. Young looks at Scottish foreign policy and the attempt to extend the Solemn League and Covenant to the European continent as a defense league for European Protestantism in the 1640s. The most overwhelming involvement of the Scots in the Thirty Years’ War was in the military sphere. Over 50,000 Scots fought on the continent during the conflict. In his essay, J. V. Polišenský shows that several thousand Scottish soldiers were deployed to the Palatinate in support of Frederick V in 1619–21. Matthew Glozier focuses on the 15,000 Scottish soldiers serving in the armies of France and the Dutch Republic in the struggle against the Habsburgs. Alexia Grosjean depicts the strong Scottish leadership role and the importance of the 25,000 Scots that served in the Swedish army in the anti-Habsburg war effort. Finally, Paul Dukes and Robert Frost address the Scottish forces serving in the armies of Muscovy and Poland-Lithuania. These essays contribute significantly to our knowledge of Scottish military and diplomatic involvement in the Thirty Years’ War. The study shows that the Scottish contribution to the conflict was more significant than previously believed. The study also makes a valuable contribution to the growing knowledge of warfare during the first half of the seventeenth century.

the journal of military history/the journal of military history

Justice to the Maimed Soldier: Nursing, Medical Care and Welfare for Sick and Wounded Soldiers and Their Families During the English Civil Wars and Interregnum, 1642-1660 (review)