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male-headed, so are all the other families in this film. The three parents we meet dropping their kids at school are all dads; a sea turtle from whom Marlin gets sage parenting advice is a dad; even the one human parental figure we meet is male (an uncle). Nemo’s mother is killed, hours before his birth, in the film’s harrowing opening scene, along with the 400 eggs containing his would-be brothers and sisters. He and his father, Marlin, are the family’s only survivors. Thus, by the time we meet a now school-age Nemo in the next scene, Marlin is a loving but overprotective, neurotic father whose parting question to his son on his first day of school is, “What’s the one thing we have to remember about the ocean?” to which his young son mechanically replies, “It’s not safe.” Though it is Nemo who is captured by a scuba diving dentist and placed in an aquarium, the film’s adventure is really Marlin’s. His unwavering search for his son among the tagline’s 3.7 trillion fish seems almost an aside. The real point is learning to let his son experience life and therefore danger, to be happy despite all of the things that can and sadly sometimes do go horribly wrong. Trapped inside a whale and hanging onto its tongue for dear life, Marlin’s new friend Dory prompts him to just let go. “How do you know that we won’t get hurt?” Marlin asks, and Dory replies, “I don’t,” but realizes that the only way out is to “take a shot and hope for the best.” Marlin is amazed that this approach to life works. His task, finding Nemo, seems so difficult that he figures his only chance is by carefully calculating every moment and detail. When, through the kindness of strangers and the loyalty of someone he has only just met, he does find his son, Marlin realizes the value of humor, risk, exploration. This knowledge saves Nemo—Marlin’s film-end advice to Nemo when he drops him at school is, “Go have an adventure”—it brings them closer together so that at the end we find Nemo in a much happier, more functional family from which he is encouraged to enjoy learning, make friends, see the world. In addition to a positive father-centric family, Finding Nemo offers an eminently recognizable female lead. She is a fish, so the fact that she lacks an hourglass figure is faint praise, but even better, she is...well, she is a little bit nuts. When we first meet Dory, she is suffering from a memory disorder. She cannot keep track of tasks or thoughts for more than a minute at a time. She is a highly flaky, easily distracted, difficult to understand, hard to talk to super-freak. Dory is all of us (male and female) in both our weakest and finest hours. She suffers from lack of love, friendship, trust, and understanding, and it makes her, not weepy-prettyweak and in need of rescue, but unstable, unsure, and confused. Marlin deals with life’s cruelties by trying to control every moment; Dory forgets because it is easier to let her mind go than to make it focus on what is hard and painful and scary. Her demons creep up on her, and they are scarier than any wicked stepmother or oversized octopus (interestingly, there is no real villain in this movie) because they come from inside. Dory embodies all of us on our bad days when we lack self-confidence, when we let our fears get the better of us, when we secretly suspect we might be losing it. But Dory is our best days too. She remains absolutely loyal: even when snapped at; even when it means risking her own life; even without very much evidence that her loyalty is deserved or even desired. She is brave in the face of sharks, jellyfish, the belly of the whale, and the vastness of the ocean. The film grants her wish, her heart’s desire —loyal friendship and control over her head—as the narrative reward for her goodness, bravery, and devotion and teaches young viewers that happily-ever-after lies in being and having a good friend. Non-traditional family and non-traditional heroine combine, finally, to offer an alternative idea of home. Nemo and Marlin’s little family has grown from just father and son to include Dory as well. Though there is no hint that Dory and Marlin have, say, fallen in love and gotten married, she does seem a permanent friend who helps take care of and love Nemo. As a dejected Marlin tries to leave her, Dory begs, “Please don’t go away. Please. No one’s ever stuck with me so long before...I remember things better with you because when I look at you, I can feel it. I look at you, and I’m home.” Home becomes friendship, people who will always be there, faith, trust, constancy. For Nemo, home is easy: a father, a friend, some freedom, and a childhood. For Dory, home is more complicated as it centers on Marlin’s trust in her, the chance to help someone, and her own mental stability. We see the effects of “home” in her improved memory, belonging, and state-of-mind. For Marlin, home is taking care of his son but also learning that doing so means not only protecting but also trusting, encouraging adventure, accepting danger. Though we still want for some moms, Finding Nemo’s happily-ever-after really is happy. We learn that good friends can be family, that a little bit of crazy is not such a bad thing, that one earns love, not through outer beauty, but through trust and loyalty. I came out of last summer’s Disney blockbuster, Lilo and Stitch, similarly encouraged by its alternative family and by female characters who looked realistic in bikinis. If Disney’s hold on kids’ culture remains relentless, at least their messages are finally turning towards an alternative. Laurie Frankel The Community College of Baltimore County LFrankel@ccbcmd.edu

Abraham and Mary Lincoln: A House Divided (review)