The Relationship between Psychopathy Traits, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Forensic Populations: A Systematic PRISMA Review

Background: Numerous studies investigate the rate of neurodevelopmental disorders in forensic populations. Studies have also investigated the rate of psychopathy in such settings. However, there appears to be a paucity of studies looking at both of these (co-morbidity between these disorders) and the possible relationships between the two in forensic populations. Method: Presented here are the findings from a systematic review conducted, following PRISMA guidelines, of the peer-reviewed literature. The review identified studies that investigated the rate and/or relationship of neurodevelopmental disorders (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorders) and psychopathy in a forensic sample population without relying on previous childhood diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders. Results: Twenty-two studies were identified which investigated the rate and/or relationship of neurodevelopmental disorders and psychopathy in a forensic sample population without relying on previous childhood diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorders. Conclusion: The findings highlight the need for the development of screening and diagnostic tools especially targeted at offenders and validated for this purpose.