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The article examines the experiences of a comparative comparison of the interaction of traditional societies with the historically beginning and final for the second millennium empires. Such are the traditional societies of the Halo-Germans and the Kazakhs. The empire of the beginning one is the Roman Empire, the final one is the Russian Empire. The adaptive characteristics of the Halo-Germans from Rome of the era of the empire are represented by historical conclusions. As for the Russian Empire and the traditional Kazakh society, the conclusions are based on the formation of market relations. The reasons for the adaptive interrelationship between the Roman Empire and the Gallo-Germanic people were the experience of conquest; the reasons for the interrelationships of the Russian Empire and the Kazakhs were the experience not only of the conquest, but also the establishment of market relations. The mechanisms of the adaptive relations of the Gallo-Germans and the Roman Empire were the image of the prosperity and crisis of the ancient slave-owning relations. The organism of the adaptive interrelation between the Kazakhs and the Russian Empire was progressively complicated by the development of cattle breeding and farming, the inclusion of Kazakhs not only in the administrative system of the Russian Empire, but also in the trade and economic scheme of interaction between the merchant class and the asset of the Kazakh society assimilating the novelty of the economy. According to the authors’ team, the main line of progressive comparison of the two adaptation schemes: Gallo-Germans and the Roman Empire; Kazakhs and the Russian Empire, has been planned. The primitivism of the civilizational nature of adaptation in slave-owning antiquity is replaced by the interest of the economic strata in the Russian Empire. At the same time, the authors consider the need for further comparison of adaptation schemes in the first and the second cases in terms of considering economic functions that appear more for the second adaptation scheme and weaker for the adaptive characteristics of the Gallo-Germanic and Roman empires.

The Process of Adaptation of Traditional Society and Empire (on the examples of the Roman and Russian Empires, Kazakhs and Gallo-Germans)