TEA (Techno-economic analysis) and LCA (Life cycle assessment) of small, medium, and large scale winemaking processes

. The objective of this project was to conduct TEA (Techno-economic analysis) and LCA (Life cycle assessment) for the production of red wine. Small, medium and large scale winemaking processes were chosen for analysis. For LCA, the consumption of water, energy, green house gas emissions, and solid waste generation were considered for environmental impacts. For TEA, a spreadsheet-based economic model was developed. The results of the LCA and TEA were compared amongst all scales. The results of the LCA showed that both bottle manufacturing and winemaking processes contributed the greatest environmental impacts, while for TEA, the relationship between cost and profit among all three scales fitted an exponential model.