Cardiovascular Outcome Trials of Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor and Its Possible Cardioprotective Mechanism

Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have a significantly higher risk of developing cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction, heart failure, and stroke. Current anti-diabetic drugs are highly effective for managing hyperglycemia. However, most T2D patients are still at high risk for cardiovascular disease. Over the past decade, many studies have assessed the efficacy of anti-diabetic drugs in regards to cardiovascular disease outcomes in T2D patients. However, despite the effective glycemic control of these drugs, they failed to show significant benefits that impact the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular disease (CVD). In recent years, anti-diabetic drugs, developed with other mechanisms, have shown significant results for improving the risk of CVD. In addition, sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors have shown promising results that impact CVD outcomes in several trials. This article will review the cardiovascular outcomes and possible cardioprotective mechanisms of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors.