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Alveolar macrophages were treated with carbon blacks and adsorbates in order to evaluate the biologic effect of adsorbate, adsorbent and adsorbate-adsorbent complexes. Their capacity to phagocytize a subsequent challenge via the Fc-membrane receptor was quantified. Phagocytosis was suppressed in a dose-related manner with increasing concentrations of both carbon blacks and adsorbates. Carbon black N339 covered with 0.5 monolayers of the adsorbates suppressed phagocytosis more than N339 without the adsorbates. Increasing the adsorbate acrolein coverage from 0.5 to greater than 2.0 monolayers suppressed phagocytosis in a dose-related manner. Finally, samples of diesel particulate matter collected from an engine operated on a pure hydrocarbon fuel with various oxidizers, air (PSU #1) and an oxidizer free of nitrogen (N-free) were tested. Treatment of the macrophages with PSU #1 had a negligible effect on phagocytosis whereas the N-free sample suppressed phagocytosis in a dose-related manner. The data show that alveolar macrophage Fc-receptor-mediated phagocytosis is affected by: carbon black and adsorbate identity and concentration, coverage of the carbon black with adsorbates, and the oxidizer used in the generation of particles emitted by a diesel engine.

environmental health perspectives

Suppression of alveolar macrophage membrane receptor-mediated phagocytosis by model and actual particle-adsorbate complexes. Initial contact with the alveolar macrophage membrane.