Chromosomal methods in population studies.

A brief description of chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) as cytogenetic endpoints for evaluation of DNA damaging agents is presented. Problems associated with the use of cytogenetic assays as population monitors of radiation and chemical exposures are discussed. Adequate cell sample size requirements and accurate assessment of cummulative exposure effects with increasing age are stressed as important considerations for reliable cost-benefit analysis of population studies involving low level exposures. Examples of population studies using SCE as an indicator of specific chemical exposures are cited, and factors contributing to variations in control baseline SCE levels are discussed. Possible implications of population cytogenetic data on general public health are suggested.