Synergistic Disruption of External Male Sex Organ Development by a Mixture of Four Antiandrogens
Author(s) -
Sofie Christiansen,
Martin Scholze,
Majken Dalgaard,
Anne Marie Vinggaard,
Marta Axelstad,
Andreas Kortenkamp,
Ulla Hass
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
environmental health perspectives
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.257
H-Index - 282
eISSN - 1552-9924
pISSN - 0091-6765
DOI - 10.1289/ehp.0900689
Subject(s) - offspring , vinclozolin , anogenital distance , antiandrogens , physiology , teratology , androgen , toxicology , phthalate , xenoestrogen , sexual differentiation , antiandrogen , biology , gestation , endocrinology , toxicity , medicine , pregnancy , fetus , chemistry , pesticide , in utero , hormone , genetics , cancer , breast cancer , agronomy , organic chemistry , estrogen receptor , gene
By disrupting the action of androgens during gestation, certain chemicals present in food, consumer products, and the environment can induce irreversible demasculinization and malformations of sex organs among male offspring. However, the consequences of simultaneous exposure to such chemicals are not well described, especially when they exert their actions by differing molecular mechanisms.
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