Problem ładu publicznego w esejach politycznych Dawida Hume’a

The article is an attempt to carry out an analysis of Essays, Moral, Political and Literary by David Hume in order to find determinants of public order and elements of social and political life that destroy it causing rebellion and civil war. Along with Hume’s History of England, Essays were the works avidly read by his contemporaries as they presented a vivid analysis of the state, social and political life, and finally, advice on the methods of improving the government. On the basis of selected political essays, the article singles out main factors that, according to Hume, help to maintain public order. Most important is the rule of law securing peace and social justice without being dependent on the humours and tempers of men. The proper form of government such as unique British parliamentary monarchy which ensures the balance between power or republic with checks and balance provided by constitution leads to public order by satisfying various groups in exercising their interests. Executing principles of social justice, private property, and civil liberty helps to prevent any political disturbance. Hume also strongly believed that the source of all disorder are uncontrolled influence of Church reinforced by superstition, factions that subvert government, religious fanaticism, and rapid changes.