Genome-Wide Expression Profile of Sake Brewing Yeast under Shaking and Static Conditions

To identify the genes responsible for characteristics, that are different as between sake brewing yeasts and laboratory yeast strains, we used a DNA microarray to compare the genome-wide gene expression profiles of a sake yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae K-9 (kyokai 9), and a laboratory yeast, S. cerevisiae X2180-1A, under shaking and static conditions. The genes overexpressed in K-9 more than in X2180-1A were related to C-metabolism, including the HXT, ATP, and COX genes, ergosterol biosynthesis, ERG genes, and thiamine metabolism, THI genes. These genes may contribute to higher growth rates and fermentation ability and the ethanol tolerance of sake yeast. The genes underexpressed in K-9 more than in X2180-1A were CUP1-1 and CUP1-2, PHO genes, which may explain the low copper tolerance and low acid phosphatase activity of sake yeast. These underexpressed genes agree with the features and the alteration of the genome structure of sake yeast.