Delirium in critically ill patients: risk factors modifiable by nurses

Background: Delirium is one the most prevalent mental disorders in patients hospitalized due to acute conditions and is an important independent predictor of poor outcomes. Objectives: This study aimed to identify the risk factors modifiable by nurses, which are associated with the development of delirium in patients hospitalized in a level 2 intensive care unit of a central hospital. Methodology: We conducted an exploratory-descriptive study, with an intentional sample of 57 inpatients. The Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit scale (CAM-ICU) was applied and clinical and other data were collected. Results: We identified several variables as risk factors potentially modifiable by nurses, including promotion of nutrition and hydration, management of medical devices, promotion of family visits, promotion of the use of prostheses, proper management of prescribed medication; promotion of proper positioning and oxygen therapy. Conclusion: The presence of delirium is still undervalued by nurses. However, they can call attention to the implementation of measures aimed to reduce delirium. To this end, the assessment of delirium in intensive care patients should be systemized.