Carbon Ion Irradiation Suppresses Metastatic Potential of Human Non-small Cell Lung Cancer A549 Cells through the Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase/Akt Signaling Pathway

We previously showed that carbon ion irradiation can inhibit the expression of the anillin (ANLN) gene, which is regulated by the activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway associated with metastasis. The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of carbon ion irradiation on the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to those of photon irradiation. Our study showed that carbon ion irradiation of human lung adenocarcinoma cells A549 decreased their invasion more effectively than photon irradiation did. We found that carbon ion irradiation reduced the nuclear localization of ANLN at lower dose, but did not affect its expression. Low-dose carbon ion irradiation also reduced the level of phosphorylated Akt compared to untreated controls, whereas photon irradiation did not. These results suggest that carbon ion irradiation effectively suppresses the metastatic potential of A549 cells by suppressing the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.