Comorbidity Burden May Be Associated with Increased Mortality in Patients with Severe Acute Liver Injury Referred for Liver Transplantation

Background Severe acute liver injury (S-ALI) can lead to acute liver and multisystem failure, with high mortality and need for liver transplantation (LT); however, the burden and impact of liver disease and comorbid conditions are unknown. Material/Methods We assessed liver disease and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) in adults without cirrhosis evaluated for LT at our center for S-ALI between 2004 and 2017. The study endpoints were 30-day death or LT and 90-day mortality (with LT as a competing risk). Results A total of 136 patients with S-ALI were included; 13% had underlying liver disease and a higher Model for End-stage Liver Disease score than those without liver disease. Sixty patients (41%) died or underwent LT within 30 days. They were older and more frequently female and had disease of autoimmune, viral, or indeterminate etiology. Transplant-free survival was associated with acetaminophen injury. The mean CCI was higher in patients with 30-day mortality or LT (1.5±2.4) vs. LT-free survivors (0.8±1.2), (P=0.03). Beyond severity of illness, CCI was associated with increased 90-day mortality (subhazard ratio 1.17, 95% confidence interval, 1.01–1.35) but not 30-day mortality or LT in the risk-adjusted analyses. Conclusions Comorbidity burden may be an important modifier of transplant-free survival in patients with S-ALI, but further studies are needed to validate these findings.