Streptococcus agalactiae-Induced Soft Tissue Infection in a Nonpregnant Adult After a Gynecological Procedure

BACKGROUND We present a case of a 24-year-old woman with type 1- diabetes mellitus who developed necrotizing fasciitis (NF) due to Streptococcus agalactiae after a recent colposcopy. Literature review suggests this as the first case to be reported. CASE REPORT The patient initially presented to the emergency department (ED) with right lower neck pain and spasm of the right sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM), with decreased range of motion. She was diagnosed with torticollis and was sent home on a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug and spasmolytic. She returned 5 days later because of a lack of response. Magnetic resonance imaging of her neck revealed edema and inflammatory changes in the distal portion of her right SCM; an oral-systemic steroid was added to her treatment. However, she presented to the ED 3 days after her second visit with worsening symptoms. Her complaints of severe pain involving the right chest wall, development of fever, and the findings on imaging studies prompted the diagnosis of necrotizing soft-tissue infection and NF. She promptly underwent successful surgical debridement. Tissue cultures grew abundant Streptococcus agalactiae. Her antibiotics were readjusted and she was discharged to rehabilitation. Retrospective analysis of the case was notable for colposcopy with cervical biopsy and endocervical curettage for chronic cervicitis and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion within a week of her first ED visit. CONCLUSIONS NF caused by Streptococcus agalactiae should be suspected in patients who have had recent genitourinary/gastrointestinal procedures.