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Members of the microRNA (miRNA) class of 22-nucleotide RNAs regulate the expression of target genes that contain sequences of antisense complementarity. Maturation of miRNAs involves cleavage of longer primary transcripts, but little is yet understood about how miRNA genes are transcribed and enter the processing pathway. We find that relatively long, polyadenylated transcripts encoded by the  Caenorhabditis elegans let-7  gene undergo  trans -splicing to the spliced leader 1 (SL1) RNA. Deletions, including removal of the  trans -splice site, upstream of mature  let-7  sequence result in stable accumulation of primary transcripts and compromised production of mature  let-7  RNA in vivo. Our data show that multiple steps of  let-7  miRNA biogenesis can be uncoupled, allowing for complex regulation in the production of a functional miRNA. Finally, the observation that  let-7  primary transcripts undergo splicing highlights the importance of identifying the sequence of endogenous pri-miRNA substrates recognized by the cellular processing machinery.

Trans-splicing and polyadenylation of let-7 microRNA primary transcripts