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Using an expression protein library of a hyperthermophilic archaeon,  Pyrococcus furiosus , we identified a gene ( PF0027 ) that encodes a protein with heat-stable cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (CPDase) activity. The  PF0027  gene encoded a 21-kDa protein and an amino acid sequence that showed ∼27% identity to that of the 2′-5′ tRNA ligase protein, ligT (20 kDa), from  Escherichia coli . We found that the purified PF0027 protein possessed GTP-dependent RNA ligase activity and that synthetic tRNA halves bearing 2′,3′-cyclic phosphate and 5′-OH termini were substrates for the ligation reaction in vitro. GTP hydrolysis was not required for the reaction, and GTPγS enhanced the tRNA ligation activity of PF0027 protein, suggesting that the ligation step is regulated by a novel mechanism. In comparison to the strong CPDase activity of the PF0027 protein, the RNA ligase activity itself was quite weak, and the ligation product was unstable during in vitro reaction. Finally, we used NMR to determine the solution structure of the PF0027 protein and discuss the implications of our results in understanding the role of the PF0027 protein.

Characterization of a heat-stable enzyme possessing GTP-dependent RNA ligase activity from a hyperthermophilic archaeon, Pyrococcus furiosus