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Assembly and guide–target interaction of an archaeal box C/D-guide sRNP was investigated under various conditions by analyzing the lead (II)-induced cleavage of the guide RNA. Guide and target RNAs derived from  Haloferax volcanii  pre-tRNA Trp  were used with recombinant  Methanocaldococcus jannaschii  core proteins in the reactions. Core protein L7Ae binds differentially to C/D and C′/D′ motifs of the guide RNA, and interchanging the two motifs relative to the termini of the guide RNA did not affect L7Ae binding or sRNA function. L7Ae binding to the guide RNA exposes its D′-guide sequence first followed by the D guide. These exposures are reduced when aNop5p and aFib proteins are added. The exposed guide sequences did not pair with the target sequences in the presence of L7Ae alone. The D-guide sequence could pair with the target in the presence of L7Ae and aNop5p, suggesting a role of aNop5p in target recruitment and rearrangement of sRNA structure. aFib binding further stabilizes this pairing. After box C/D-guided modification, target–guide pairing at the D-guide sequence is disrupted, suggesting that each round of methylation may require some conformational change or reassembly of the RNP. Asymmetric RNPs containing only one L7Ae at either of the two box motifs can be assembled, but a functional RNP requires L7Ae at the box C/D motif. This arrangement resembles the asymmetric eukaryal snoRNP. Observations of initial D-guide–target pairing and the functional requirement for L7Ae at the box C/D motif are consistent with our previous report of the sequential 2′- O -methylations of the target RNA.

Dynamic guide–target interactions contribute to sequential 2′-O-methylation by a unique archaeal dual guide box C/D sRNP