RNA localization

Messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules are transcribed in the nucleus and then undergo export into the cytoplasm, where they are translated to produce proteins. Some mRNA transcripts do not immediately undergo translation but, instead, are directed to specific areas for local translation or distribution. This produces an asymmetric distribution of cytoplasmic proteins, providing localized activities in polarized cells or developing embryos. Studies of the localization process in various eukaryotic systems have unearthed numerous nuclear RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) involved. We present here some representative examples from different organisms.