Effects of Extracts of Plathymenia Reticulata Benth and Azadirachta Indica (Neem) in Glycated Hemoglobin in Diabetic Rats

The Plathymenia reticulata benth is a herbal medicine that has properties of pancreatic islet hyperplasia and glycemic control in diabetic rats. Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss, Meliaceae) is a tree native to India that has several medicinal effects. Goal: To verify the effect of glycated hemoglobin levels in rats with type 1 and non-diabetic diabetes mellitus, in treatment with Plathymenia Reticulata Benth, Neem and the association between them. compared to insulin. Methodology: Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal streptozotocin (65mg/kg) administration after a 24-hour fast. The diagnosis was made using a blood glucose value above 200mg/dl. The study was conducted in 60 male adult Wistar rats, weighing between 180 and 220 grams, divided into 9 groups, between diabetics (DM) and non-diabetic controls (NdM), and treated with Neem (300 mg/kg), cold aqueous extract of Plathymenia (100 mg/kg), water (negative control) and insulin (3 IU/day) - positive control; and association between plants. The treatment was performed by orogastric gavage for a period of 28 consecutive days, and weekly weight and daily feed intake were performed. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer’s pos-hoc test, with a significance level of 5% using the SPSS25.0 software. The results are expressed on average ± EPM. Results: There was a significant difference in glycated hemoglobin levels in rats submitted to insulin treatment (6.18 ± 0.36) compared to those submitted to treatment with Neem (10.12 ± 1.29, p=0.047), Plathymenia+Neem (12.09 ± 0.38, p=0.006) and water (10.86 ± 1.26, p=0.015). However, no significant difference was observed between the reduction in glycated hemoglobin levels in the groups submitted to insulin treatment compared to the group treated with Plathymenia (7.30 ± 0.68, p=0.911). Conclusion: The results allow us to evaluate a non-inferiority condition in relation to the use of the Plathymenia when compared to treatment with insulin therapy, positive control in the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus. The Plathymeniamay present as a herbal option in the treatment of the disease and prevention of complications. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the effect of the extract on other aspects related to the pathology.