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In experimental animal models, insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) have been found to be more potent stimulators of ovarian function than insulin. In human theca cells, however, insulin, IGF-I, and IGF-II have similar effects on androgen production. The relative effects of insulin and IGFs on human granulosa cell steroidogenesis is unknown. Furthermore, it is unclear whether effects of IGF-II on steroidogenesis are mediated by the type-I or type-II IGF receptor.  The effects of insulin, IGF-I, and IGF-II on human granulosa cell steroidogenesis were compared in vitro. As expected, insulin, IGF-I, and IGF-II enhanced steroidogenesis. Previously, IGF-II has been shown to enhance granulosa cell steroid production after insulin preincubation. In this study, an effect of IGF-II, independent of insulin priming, also was observed. In granulosa cell cultures from small antral follicles (≤13 mm), insulin and IGF-I stimulated steroid production to a similar degree, whereas IGF-II was less effective. In contrast, IGFs were more effective than insulin (IGF-I &amp;gt; IGF-II &amp;gt; insulin) in granulosa cells isolated from preovulatory follicles. IGF-I and IGF-II actions were mediated via the type-1 IGF receptor.  The increased responsiveness of mature granulosa cells to IGFs may be an important mechanism by which granulosa cells increase their steroidogenic output in the preovulatory follicle.

the journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism

Developmentally Regulated Responses of Human Granulosa Cells to Insulin-Like Growth Factors (IGFs):IGF-I and IGF-II Action Mediated Via the Type-I IGF Receptor1