Leptin Concentrations, Sex Hormones, and Cortisol in Nondiabetic Men1

Leptin, the product of the human ob gene, is increased in obese individuals, suggesting resistance to its effect. However, there is a variability in leptin levels at each level of body mass index, suggesting that genetic and environmental factors other than overall adiposity may regulate leptin concentrations. No data currently exist on the relation of sex hormones to leptin concentrations in men. We examined the relation ofleptin levels to sex hormone-binding globulin, total and free testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, estradiol, and cortisol in 87 normoglycemic men. Leptin levels were significantly correlated with free testosterone (r = -0.14; P < 0.05), sex hormone-binding globulin (r = -0.26; P < 0.05), total testosterone (r = -0.32; P < 0.01), and cortisol (r = -0.09; P = NS). However, after adjustment for body mass index (or, alternatively, waist or hip circumference), leptin concentrations were not significantly related to sex hormones or cortisol. Our data suggest that in men, sex hormones are not important independent modifiers of leptin concentrations.