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Alternative Activation of Human Macrophages Is Rescued by Estrogen Treatment In Vitro and Impaired by Menopausal Status
Author(s) -
Alice Toniolo,
Gian Paolo Fadini,
Serena Tedesco,
Roberta Cappellari,
Elisabetta Vegeto,
Adriana Maggi,
Angelo Avogaro,
Chiara Bolego,
Andrea Cignarella
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
the journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.206
H-Index - 353
eISSN - 1945-7197
pISSN - 0021-972X
DOI - 10.1210/jc.2014-2751
Subject(s) - estrogen , endocrinology , medicine , cd163 , proinflammatory cytokine , estrogen receptor , cytokine , ex vivo , menopause , lipopolysaccharide , macrophage , in vivo , inflammation , biology , in vitro , biochemistry , microbiology and biotechnology , cancer , breast cancer
During their reproductive years, women are generally protected from cardiovascular disease events by their estrogen-replete status. Our starting hypothesis was that lower estrogen levels after menopause are associated with macrophage activation profiles skewed toward proinflammatory phenotypes. Research Design and Setting: This was an in vitro and ex vivo study in human blood-derived macrophages.

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