Olfactory Phenotypic Spectrum in Idiopathic Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism: Pathophysiological and Genetic Implications
Author(s) -
Hilana Lewkowitz-Shpuntoff,
Virginia Hughes,
Lacey Plummer,
Margaret Au,
Richard L. Doty,
Stephanie B. Seminara,
Yee-Ming Chan,
Nelly Pitteloud,
William F. Crowley,
Ravikumar Balasubramanian
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
the journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.206
H-Index - 353
eISSN - 1945-7197
pISSN - 0021-972X
DOI - 10.1210/jc.2011-2041
Subject(s) - hyposmia , kallmann syndrome , anosmia , hypogonadotropic hypogonadism , olfactory system , medicine , pathophysiology , olfaction , endocrinology , biology , neuroscience , disease , psychiatry , covid-19 , hormone , infectious disease (medical specialty)
The olfactory phenotype in patients with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) ranges from complete anosmia (Kallmann syndrome) to normosmia (normosmic IHH). However, the true prevalence of intermediary olfactory phenotypes (hyposmia) in IHH patients has not yet been assessed, and systematic correlations with anatomical and genetic abnormalities have not been reported.
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