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Context: Our laboratory recently characterized the expression of the melatonin receptors in the human myometrium and showed that the expression of these receptors is suppressed during late pregnancy. Objective: In an effort to understand better the significance of melatonin in the human myometrium, we explored the mechanisms through which this hormone influences the expression of the oxytocin receptor in vitro. Design: The stable melatonin analog iodomelatonin was presented to cultured telomerase-immortalized myometrial cells of the human telomerase reverse transcriptase line under physiological doses and durations. Pharmacological inhibitors of melatonin binding, gene transcription, phospholipase C, and protein kinase C signaling were used to define the mechanism of melatonin action. Results: Our results reveal that melatonin significantly inhibits oxytocin receptor mRNA expression primarily via the melatonin 2 receptor. The melatonin-dependent decrease in oxytocin receptor transcripts involves suppression of gene transcription rather than enhanced rates of transcript degradation. Melatonin effects were abolished by pretreating the cells with the phospholipase C inhibitor U73122 or the protein kinase C inhibitor C1. Conclusions: Melatonin, like oxytocin, can negatively regulate oxytocin receptor transcription in human myometrial cells via modulation of protein kinase C signaling. This is consistent with the hypothesis that the reduced melatonin receptor expression during late pregnancy, which occurs at a time when oxytocin receptors are up-regulated, may be physiologically important for the subsequent timing of labor.

Transcriptional Inhibition of Oxytocin Receptor Expression in Human Myometrial Cells by Melatonin Involves Protein Kinase C Signaling