English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) signaling have been shown to integrate in many biological processes. The follicular thyroid carcinoma cell line ML-1 expresses VEGFR-2 and secretes substantial amounts of both vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A and VEGF-C. ML-1 cells also express S1P-receptors (S1P1–3,5). S1P is able to phosphorylate VEGFR-2, and inhibiting VEGFR-2 attenuates S1P-induced migration and down-regulates S1P1 expression in ML-1 cells. In the present study, we focused on the interactions between S1P1 and VEGFR-2. We show that S1P receptors form complexes with VEGFR-2 and that the S1P1/VEGFR-2 complex associates with protein kinase C (PKC)-α and ERK1/2. Furthermore, the complex evokes bidirectional signaling since the S1P-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation is sensitive to VEGFR-2 kinase inhibition and VEGF-A-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation is sensitive to pertussis toxin treatment as well as S1P1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) treatment. Both S1P- and VEGF-A-induced haptotaxis is sensitive to pertussis toxin treatment and S1P1 siRNA treatment. Phosphorylation of ERK1/2 evoked by both VEGF-A and the S1P1 agonist SEW-2871 is inhibited by PKC-α and PKC-βI siRNA. We hypothesize that VEGFR-2 forms a signaling complex with S1P1, evoking bidirectional signaling regulating both ERK1/2 phosphorylation and haptotaxis of ML-1 cells.

endocrinology

S1P1 and VEGFR-2 Form a Signaling Complex with Extracellularly Regulated Kinase 1/2 and Protein Kinase C-α Regulating ML-1 Thyroid Carcinoma Cell Migration