English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Leptin, which plays a crucial role in regulating energy balance, can also modulate the inflammatory response. Although leptin-deficient rodents are more sensitive to the toxic effects of bacterial endotoxin, it is unknown if leptin can modulate inflammatory cytokine or neuroendocrine responses to inflammation in a primate model. We have therefore studied the effects of leptin on plasma cytokine and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal responses to endotoxin (5 μg iv) in nine ovariectomized rhesus monkeys. Human leptin (50 μg/h) or saline was infused iv for 16 h before and 4 h after endotoxin injection; mean plasma leptin increased from 3.6 ± 1.0 ng/ml to 18 ± 1.7 ng/ml (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Leptin infusion had no effect on baseline plasma cytokine and hormone levels before endotoxin injection. As expected, endotoxin stimulated TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), ACTH, and cortisol in the saline-infused animals (P &amp;lt; 0.001). There was a significant attenuation of the IL-6 (P &amp;lt; 0.005) and cortisol (P &amp;lt; 0.001) responses (repeated measures ANOVA) to endotoxin in the leptin-infused animals. There was a significant reduction (by paired analysis) in the responses of the leptin compared with saline-treated animals: 47% for TNF-α, 48% for IL-6, 30% for IL1ra, 42% for ACTH, and 22% for cortisol (P &amp;lt; 0.05). We conclude that an increase in circulating leptin, within the physiological range of our monkey colony, can blunt the inflammatory cytokine and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal responses to an inflammatory challenge. These results, coupled with our recent finding that endotoxin stimulates leptin release in the monkey, demonstrate that leptin can be both released in response to inflammatory cytokines and act to attenuate the responses to these cytokines.

Leptin Modulates Inflammatory Cytokine and Neuroendocrine Responses to Endotoxin in the Primate