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Context The activation of orbital fibroblasts, the prime targets in thyroid eye disease (TED), is central to its underlying pathogenesis. Objective We aimed to investigate the mechanism of TED orbital fibroblast activation from the perspective of noncoding RNA regulation. Methods Immunofluorescence (IF) staining was applied to evaluate the fibrotic changes in target cells. Cell proliferation was evaluated by 5-ethoxy 2-deoxyuridine and colony-formation assays. Collagen I concentration was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Human microarray analysis was performed on 3 TED and 3 healthy control orbital tissue samples. Results Bioinformatics analysis showed that cell adhesion signaling factors were differentially expressed in TED tissues, including intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, ICAM-4, vascular cell adhesion molecule, and CD44, which were all upregulated in diseased orbital tissues. Long noncoding RNA LPAL2 level was also upregulated in orbital tissues and positively correlated with ICAM-1 and ICAM-4 expression. Stimulation of the TED orbital fibroblasts by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) significantly increased the expression of ICAM-1, ICAM-4, and LPAL2. Knockdown of LPAL2 in orbital fibroblasts inhibited TGF-β1–induced increases in cell adhesion factor levels and orbital fibroblast activation. Microarray profiling was performed on TED and normal orbital tissues to identify differentially expressed microRNAs, and miR-1287-5p was remarkably reduced within diseased orbital samples. miR-1287-5p was directly bound to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) 3′ untranslated region and LPAL2, and LPAL2 modulated EGFR/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling through targeting miR-1287-5p. Conclusion The LPAL2/miR-1287-5p axis modulated TGF-β1–induced increases in cell adhesion factor levels and TED orbital fibroblast activation through EGFR/AKT signaling.

LncRNA LPAL2/miR-1287-5p/EGFR Axis Modulates TED-Derived Orbital Fibroblast Activation Through Cell Adhesion Factors